Unit 6. Global warming. Lesson 2. Language
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UNIT 6 - GLOBAL WARMING
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LESSON 2: LANGUAGE
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WRAM-UP
Objectives
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Objectives
*By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: - Use words and phrases related to global warming - Pronunciation: Intonation: Yes-no questions & echo questions - Grammar: Perfect gerunds and perfect participles - Do the task in the text book
VOCABULARY
Complete the sentences with the right form of the words from 3 in GETTING STARTED
Complete the sentences with the right form of the words from 3 in GETTING STARTED
Example:
Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat the sun.
1. Having measured the company’s _______, they realised that the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) it produced was great. 2. Scientists have warned about the relationship between climate change and the spread of _______. 3. A large amount of carbon dioxide ________ are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. 4. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ________ in the world. 5. As global temperatures rise, there are more cases of ________. 6. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of ________.
Complete the sentences with the right form of the words from 3 in GETTING STARTED
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. Having measured the company's ||carbon footprint||, they realised that the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) it produced was great. 2. Scientists have warned about the relationship between climate change and the spread of ||infectious diseases||. 3. A large amount of carbon dioxide ||emissions|| are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. 4. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ||ecological balance|| in the world. 5. As global temperature rise, there are more cases of ||heat-related illnesses||. 6. Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of ||climate change||.
Translate the sentences
Translate the sentences
1. Sau khi đo được dấu các-bon của công ty, họ nhận ra rằng lượng khí cacbonic (CO2) mà họ sản xuất là rất lớn. 2. Các nhà khoa học đã cảnh báo về mối quan hệ giữa biến đổi khí hậu và sự lây lan của các bệnh truyền nhiễm. 3. Một lượng lớn khí thải carbon dioxide được thải vào khí quyển bằng cách đốt nhiên liệu hóa thạch. 4. Nạn phá rừng là một trong những mối đe dọa môi trường lớn nhất đối với sự cân bằng sinh thái trên thế giới. 5. Khi nhiệt độ toàn cầu tăng, có nhiều trường hợp bệnh liên quan đến nhiệt. 6. Mặc dù sự nóng lên toàn cầu đang gây ra những thay đổi về thời tiết, nhưng nó chỉ là một khía cạnh của sự thay đổi khí hậu.
PRONUNCIATION
Intonation on yes-no questions and echo questions
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PRONUNCIATION
Intonation on yes-no questions and echo questions
1. Listen and repeat these questions, paying attention to their raising intonation.
1. Listen and repeat these questions, paying attention to their raising intonation.
1. Do you agree with me? 2. Can you talk about the effects of global warming? 3. Do you think that we can reduce our carbon footprint? 4. Is it true that global warming is getting worse? 5. Are most of the environmental problems caused by humans?
Repeat these questions, paying attention to their raising intonation
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1. Do you agree with me? 2. Can you talk about the effects of global warming? 3. Do you think that we can reduce our carbon footprint? 4. Is it true that global warming is getting worse? 5. Are most of the environmental problems caused by humans?
Translate the sentences
Translate the sentences
1. Bạn có đồng ý với tôi không? 2. Bạn có thể nói về những ảnh hưởng của sự nóng lên toàn cầu? 3. Bạn có nghĩ rằng chúng ta có thể giảm lượng khí thải carbon của chúng ta? 4. Đúng là sự nóng lên toàn cầu đang trở nên tồi tệ hơn? 5. Hầu hết các vấn đề môi trường gây ra bởi con người?
2. Listen and mark (raising intonation) on the echo questions.
1. A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made. B: Man-made? 2. A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming. B: Scientists are concerned about what? 3. A: I cycle to work every day. B: You do? 4. A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species. B: The extinction of a million species? 5. A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products. B: We should do what?
2. Listen and mark ↗ (rising intonation) on the echo questions. Then practise read the exchanges.
Mark ↗ (rising intonation) on the echo questions
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made. B: Man-made? ||↗|| 2. A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming. B: Scientists are concerned about what? ||↗|| 3. A: I cycle to work every day. B: You do? ||↗|| 4. A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species. B: The extinction of a million species? ||↗|| 5. A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products. B: We should do what? ||↗||
Practise read the exchanges
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1. A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made. B: Man-made? (↗) 2. A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming. B: Scientists are concerned about what? (↗) 3. A: I cycle to work every day. B: You do? (↗) 4. A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species. B: The extinction of a million species? (↗) 5. A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products. B: We should do what? (↗)
Translate the sentences
Translate the sentences
1. A: Hầu hết các vấn đề môi trường đều do con người tạo ra. B: Con người tạo ra? 2. A: Các nhà khoa học lo ngại về ảnh hưởng của sự nóng lên toàn cầu. B: Các nhà khoa học quan tâm đến cái gì? 3. A: Tôi đi làm mỗi ngày. B: Bạn đi làm sao? 4. A: Đến năm 2050, nhiệt độ tăng có thể dẫn đến sự tuyệt chủng của một triệu loài. B: Sự tuyệt chủng của một triệu loài? 5. A: Để bảo vệ môi trường, chúng ta nên giảm bớt việc sử dụng các sản phẩm giấy. B: Chúng ta nên làm gì?
DO YOU KNOW?
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An echo question is a type of questions that repeats part or all of a sentence that someone has just said. We use echo questions when we do not completely hear or understand what a speaker has said, or when we want to express surprise or doubt about it. Echo questions are usually spoken with a rising intoantion. We usually expect the speaker to repeat or confirm the information.
Example:
A: Climate change presents a dangerous threat to the human race.
B: A dangerous threat tio the human race? (↗)
GRAMMAR
Perfect participles in clauses of time and reason
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GRAMMAR
Perfect participles in clauses of time and reason
1. Work in pair. Underline the perfect participles in the sentences in 4 in GETTING STARTED. Then write the sentences, using after/ then or because/ since
1. Work in pair. Underline the perfect participles in the sentences in 4 in GETTING STARTED. Then write the sentences, using after/ then or because/ since
_______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
Underline the perfect participles in the sentences in 4 in GETTING STARTED.
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- Having planned the content, we're now looking for supporting information.
- Having treated the environment irresponsibly, humans now have to suffer.
Rewrite the sentences, using after/ then or because/ since
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
- Having planned the content, we’re now looking for supporting information. =>||After we have planned the content, we’re now looking for|| ||supporting information.|| - Having treated the environment irresponsibly, humans now have to suffer. =>||Because/ Since humans have treated the environment irresponsibly,|| ||humans now have to suffer.||
DO YOU KNOW?
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- The perfect participle is a compound verb form consisting of the auxiliary 'having' and the past participle of the verb, e.g. having collected, having treated.
- We can use the perfect participles in a clauses of time to talk about an action that comes before another connected one.
Example:
Having collected all necessary information, he started writing his report.
- We can also use the perfect participle clause to talk about the reason for the action in the main clause.
Example:
Having treated the environment irresponsibly, we now have to suffer the effects of climate change.
Note: We tend not use participle clauses so much in speech since they can be rather formal.
2. Match the two parts to make complete sentences.
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2. Match the two parts to make complete sentences.
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h. we changed our attitude to nature.
a. now they have to suffer several floods.
b. we decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.
c. they have to find some types of alternative energy.
d. we were determined to reduce our carbon footprint.
e. we worked out some solutions to reduce its effects
f. they have to suffer its effects now.
g. they started using them sparingly on their farms.
1. After we indentified the causes of global warming,
2. Since they have used up the fossil resources int their country,
3. Because local people have cut down the forest to make way for farming,
4. After we read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars contributes to climate change,
5. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers,
6. After we talked with the environmnetalist,
7. Since people have ignored warnings about global warming for more than 20 years,
8. After we had learn that humans are responsible for global warming,
Match the two parts to make complete sentences.
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. ||e|| 2. ||c|| 3. ||a|| 4. ||b|| 5. ||g|| 6. ||h|| 7. ||f|| 8. ||d||
Translate the sentences
Translate the sentences
1. Sau khi chúng tôi xác định nguyên nhân của sự nóng lên toàn cầu - chúng tôi đã tìm ra một số giải pháp để tác động nó. 2. Vì họ đã sử dụng các nguồn nhiên liệu hóa thạch ở nước mình - họ phải tìm ra một số loại năng lượng thay thế. 3. Bởi vì người dân địa phương đã chặt phá rừng để làm đường cho nông nghiệp - bây giờ họ phải chịu đựng lũ lụt nghiêm trọng. 4. Sau khi chúng tôi đọc báo cáo về việc tiêu hao xăng trong ô tô làm thay đổi khí hậu - chúng tôi đã quyết định bán xe của mình và thay thế một chiếc xe đạp. 5. Vì nông dân đã được thông báo về những ảnh hưởng xấu của phân hóa học - họ bắt đầu sử dụng chúng ít hơn trên cánh đồng của họ. 6. Sau khi chúng tôi nói chuyện với các chuyên gia môi trường - chúng tôi đã thay đổi thái độ của chúng tôi với thiên nhiên. 7. Vì người dân đã bỏ qua cảnh báo về sự nóng lên toàn cầu trong hơn 20 năm - họ phải chịu đựng ảnh hưởng của nó đến bây giờ. 8. Sau khi chúng tôi biết rằng con người chịu trách nhiệm về sự nóng lên toàn cầu - chúng tôi đã quyết tâm giảm lượng khí thải carbon của mình.
3. Rewrite the sentences in 2, using perfect participles.
3. Rewrite the sentences in 2, using perfect participles.
Example:
1 - e. Having indentified the causes of global warming, we worked out some solutions to reduce its effects
2. _____________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________ 6. _____________________________________________________ 7. _____________________________________________________ 8. _____________________________________________________
Rewrite the sentences in 2, using perfect participles.
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
2. ||Having used up the fossil fuel resources in their country, they have to find || ||some types of alternative energy.|| 3. ||Having cut down the forests to make way for farming, now local people have || ||to suffer severe floods. / Having cut down the forests to make way for farming, || ||now they have to suffer severe floods.|| 4. ||Having read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars contributes to || ||climate change, we decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.|| 5. ||Having been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilisers, the farmers || ||started using them sparingly on their farms. / Having been informed about the bad || ||effects of chemical fertilisers, they started using them sparingly on their farms.|| 6. ||Having talked with the environmentalist, we changed our attitude to nature.|| 7. ||Having ignored warnings about global warming for more than 20 years, people || ||have to suffer its effects now.|| 8. ||Having learnt that humans are responsible for global warming, we were determined || ||to reduce our carbon footprint.||
Perfect gerunds
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Perfect gerunds (Danh động từ hoàn thành)
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GRAMMAR
4. Combine the sentences, using perfect gerunds
4. Combine the sentences, using perfect gerunds
Example:
Someone had started a fire in the forest. Tom admitted that he had done it.
1. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that. 2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it. 3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it. 4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that. 5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done. 6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that. 7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
=> To admitted (to) having started a fire in the forest.
Combine the sentences, using perfect gerunds
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that. => ||The students in Group 11G were praised for having planted the most trees in || ||the schoolyard in the Tree Planting Competition.|| 2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it. => ||The police suspected Mike of having cut down the oldest tree in the park.|| 3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it. => ||He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.|| 4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that. => ||Thank you for having saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals.||
Combine the sentences, using perfect gerunds
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Bài tập kéo thả chữ
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done. => ||They regretted having hunted and killed many wild animals.|| 6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that. => ||The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic || ||waste into the river.|| 7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that. => ||Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part in the Green || ||Summer activities.||
Translate the sentences
Translate the sentences
1. Trong cuộc thi Trồng cây, các học sinh trong Nhóm 11G đã trồng nhiều cây nhất trong sân trường. Họ đã được khen ngợi vì điều đó. ⇒ Các học sinh trong Nhóm 11G được ca ngợi vì đã trồng nhiều cây nhất trong sân trường trong Cuộc thi Trồng Cây. 2. Có người đã chặt cây lâu đời nhất trong công viên. Cảnh sát nghi ngờ Mike làm việc này. ⇒ Cảnh sát nghi ngờ Mike đã chặt cây cổ thụ trong công viên. 3. Anh ta đã đổ rất nhiều rác vào bãi biển. Anh ta đã chối. ⇒ Anh ta phủ nhận đã đổ rác vào bãi biển. 4. Bạn đã cứu sống hàng trăm loài động vật hoang dã. Cảm ơn vì điều đó. ⇒ Cảm ơn vì đã cứu sống hàng trăm con vật hoang dã. 5. Họ đã săn bắn và giết nhiều động vật hoang dã. Sau đó, họ hối hận về những gì họ đã làm. ⇒ Họ hối hận khi săn bắn và giết nhiều động vật hoang dã. 6. Nhà máy đã đổ hàng tấn chất thải độc hại xuống sông. Nó bị phạt nặng vì điều đó. ⇒ Nhà máy bị phạt nặng vì đã đổ rác thải độc hại xuống sông. 7. Denis đã tham gia tích cực vào các hoạt động Xanh. Anh ấy đã được thưởng cho điều đó. ⇒ Denis được khen thưởng đã tham gia tích cực vào các hoạt động Xanh.
DO YOU KNOW?
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We can use perfect gerund to emphasise that an action happened in the past, before the past action denoted by the main verb of the sentence. It can be use in the following structures:
(1) Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund
Verb: apologise for, accuse ... of, admire ... for, blame ... for, congratulate ...on, criticise ... for, punish ... for, praise ... for, thank ... for, suspect ... of
Example:
He apologised for having made us wait so long
(2) Verb + perfect gerund
Verb: Admit, deny, forget, mention, remember, recall, recall regret
Example:
She denied breaking the flower vase.
THE END
Homework
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- Learn new words by heart - Revise: Falling and rising intonation - Revise use the gerund (verb + -ing) - Prepare: Lesson 3 - Reading
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Goodbye. See you again
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