UNIT 8. CITIES. LESSON D. GRAMMAR
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Trang bìa
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LESSON D. GRAMMAR
UNIT 8. CITIES
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WARM-UP
Why are they so excited?
Why are they so excited?
PRACTICE
1. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Do you think space programmes, which cost millions, are a good way for governments to spend money? Give reasons
1. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Do you think space programmes, which cost millions, are a good way for governments to spend money? Give reasons
In my opinion, space programmes are not a good way for governments to spend money because of following reasons: - Opportunity cost: Money spent on space programs could be used for other priorities such as education, healthcare, or poverty alleviation. The opportunity cost of spending money on space programs could be significant. - Risk: Space programs are risky, and there is always the possibility of accidents and failures. The cost of such failures can be high, both in terms of human lives and financial resources. - Environmental impact: Space programs can have negative environmental impacts, such as the release of pollutants and debris into the atmosphere.
2. Read Part 1 of the article
2. Read Part 1 of the article
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- What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses
2. What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
launched from Florida on 11 April 1970 => ||which was launched from Florida on 11 April 1970.|| land on the moon => ||which / that would land on the moon.|| chosen for the mission => ||who were chosen for the mission|| watched by millions on TV => ||which was watched by millions on TV||
- What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses
2. What happened to the spaceship? Rewrite the underlined participle or infinitive clauses as relative clauses
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity => ||which explained how they lived and worked in zero gravity|| noticing a red warning light => ||who noticed a red warning light|| floating 320,000 kilometres from Earth. => ||which was floating 320,000 kilometers from Earth||
3. Read part 2 of the article
3. Read part 2 of the article
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- Why is Apollo 13 mission described as a ‘successful failure’?
3. Why is Apollo 13 mission described as a ‘successful failure’?
The Apollo 13 mission is often described as a 'successful failure' because while the mission did not achieve its primary goal of landing on the moon, the mission became a triumph of human ingenuity and teamwork in the face of crisis. Despite the explosion that damaged the spacecraft and the many challenges faced by the crew and the ground crew during the mission, all three astronauts returned safely to Earth, thanks to the remarkable efforts of everyone involved.
- Rewrite the underlined clauses in part 2 as participle clauses.
3. Rewrite the underlined clauses in part 2 as participle clauses.
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. which had been fitted with its own oxygen tank. => ... ||fitted with its own oxygen tank||... 2. which was designed to hold only two people => ||designed to hold only two people|| 3. who had been following instructions from the ground crew => ||following instructions from the ground crew|| 4. who were working 24 hours a day => ||working 24 hours a day||
- Rewrite the underlined clauses in part 2 as participle clauses.
3. Rewrite the underlined clauses in part 2 as participle clauses.
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
5. which was discussed on all the TV news programmes => ||discussed on all the TV news programmes|| 6. who were risking their lives => ||risking their lives|| 7. who were trying to save them => ||trying to save them||
4. Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
4. Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
1. The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means ‘star sailor’. 2. Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights. 3. NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months. 4. Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong. 5. Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth’s gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h. 6. The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
- Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
4. Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
1. The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means ‘star sailor’. => ||The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means ‘star sailor’.|| 2. Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights. => ||Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.|| 3. NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months. => ||NASA astronauts have to complete a difficult training programme after|| ||twenty months.||
- Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
4. Identify the relative clauses in these sentences. (Some contain more than one.) Rewrite them as participle or infinitive clauses
Bài tập kéo thả chữ
4. Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong. => ||Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep|| ||them strong.|| 5. Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth’s gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h. => ||Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth’s gravity need to reach a speed|| ||of about 40,000 km/h.|| 6. The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen. => ||The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that|| ||should be seen.||
5. SPEAKING Discuss the questions with your partner. Use the nouns and adjectives below to help you
5. SPEAKING Discuss the questions with your partner. Use the nouns and adjectives below to help you
Hình vẽ
Nouns
Adjectives
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1. What personal qualities do astronauts need? 2. What would the best thing about the job be? 3. What would the hardest thing about the job be
- Suggested answer
5. SPEAKING Discuss the questions with your partner. Use the nouns and adjectives below to help you
1. What personal qualities do astronauts need?
Astronauts need to be brave, intelligent, logical, serious, hard-working, and physically fit to perform their duties efficiently. They should be able to handle danger, discomfort, fear, and loneliness that they might face in space.
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- Suggested answer
5. SPEAKING Discuss the questions with your partner. Use the nouns and adjectives below to help you
2. What would the best thing about the job be?
The best thing about the job would be the excitement of space travel and exploring the unknown. They get to experience things that no one else has experienced before, and they get to be a part of important scientific discoveries.
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- Suggested answer
5. SPEAKING Discuss the questions with your partner. Use the nouns and adjectives below to help you
3. What would the hardest thing about the job be?
The hardest thing about the job would be the isolation and loneliness that comes with being away from family and friends for long periods of time. They also face the risk of danger and discomfort, and the responsibility of their actions can be overwhelming.
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CONSOLIDATION
Homework
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Homework
1. Learn all new vocabulary 2. Finish all the tasks 3. Prepare U8-E